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Using Twitter search API in Java

If you are reading this, I assume you are aware about Twitter APIs. If you are new to this API, I suggest you read the API documentation (which is quite good BTW!)

This simple program of mine uses Twitter search API to get "positive" tweets for a search string. It aims to retrieve all the search results (tweets) and hence has to make multiple calls to REST API, for which it uses max_id (explained later).

Let me give an overview of all the request parameters that we have specified in the URL (Twitter API URL):

q=%23SearchString: #SearchString 
count=100: Number of tweets you want the API to return in one call.
include_entities=false: Exclude details of entities in the JSON response. You can set it to true if you want.
max_id: Since we want more than 100 tweets, we are invoking the API multiple times and giving the id of last tweet returned in previous invocation as 'max_id' and asking Twitter to give 100 tweets prior to this tweet. 

e.g. First call returned tweets with TweetIDs 1000-900 (recent most first). In next call we set max_id = 900 and ask Twitter to send tweets with TweetIDs < 900.



We are doing this as long as response is null, i.e. no more tweets are available. I am using Application-only authorization for this example (since we don't have to search any particular user's timeline) and my motive is to find ALL the tweets.



Go ahead and give it a spin. Leave your questions in comments.






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public class TwitterUtil {
    private static final String USER_AGENT = "Twitter Tutorial";
    private static int positiveCount;
    /**
     * @param args the command line arguments
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String key = "your twitter key";
        String secret = "twitter secret";
        String maxId = "";
        String concat = "";
        try {
            key = (URLEncoder.encode(key, "UTF-8"));
            secret = (URLEncoder.encode(secret, "UTF-8"));
            concat = key+":"+secret;
            byte[] encoded = Base64.encodeBase64(concat.getBytes());
//            System.out.println("Base64 Encoded String : " + new String(encoded));
            
            String bearerToken = "";
            
            try {
                bearerToken = generateBearerToken(new String(encoded));
                sendSearchRequest(bearerToken, maxId);
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                Logger.getLogger(TwitterUtil.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            }
            
            byte[] decoded = Base64.decodeBase64(encoded);      
            System.out.println("Base 64 Decoded  String : " + new String(decoded));
            
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException ex) {
            Logger.getLogger(TwitterUtil.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        }
        
        
            
    }
    
    private static String generateBearerToken(String encoded) throws Exception {
        String url = "https://api.twitter.com/oauth2/token";
        URL obj = new URL(url);
        HttpsURLConnection con = (HttpsURLConnection) obj.openConnection();

        //add reuqest header
        con.setRequestMethod("POST");
        con.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", USER_AGENT);
        con.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "en-US,en;q=0.5");
        con.setRequestProperty("Authorization", "Basic "+encoded);
        con.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8");
               
        String urlParameters = "grant_type=client_credentials";

        // Send post request
        con.setDoOutput(true);
        DataOutputStream wr = new DataOutputStream(con.getOutputStream());
        wr.writeBytes(urlParameters);
        wr.flush();
        wr.close();

        int responseCode = con.getResponseCode();

        BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));
        String inputLine;
        StringBuffer response = new StringBuffer();

        while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
            response.append(inputLine);
        }
        in.close();

        //print result
//        String temp = new JSONObject(response.toString());
        JSONParser parser=new JSONParser();
        Object object = parser.parse(response.toString());
        JSONObject array = (JSONObject)object;
        String accessToken = (String)array.get("access_token");
        
        return (accessToken);
    }
    


    //This method sends request to Twitter API and is invoked recursively to get all tweets
    private static void sendSearchRequest(String token, String maxId) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Entering sendSearchRequest");
        byte[] temp = Base64.encodeBase64(token.getBytes());
        String url = "https://api.twitter.com/1.1/search/tweets.json?q=%23MaryKom&count=100&include_entities=false";
        if(maxId != null)
            url += "&max_id="+maxId;
        URL obj = new URL(url);
        HttpsURLConnection con = (HttpsURLConnection) obj.openConnection();
        con.setRequestProperty("Authorization", "Bearer " + token);

        System.out.println("\nSending 'GET' request to URL : " + url);
        // optional default is GET
        con.setRequestMethod("GET");
        int responseCode = con.getResponseCode();
        
        System.out.println("Response Code : " + responseCode);

        BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
                new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));
        String inputLine;
        StringBuffer response = new StringBuffer();

        while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
            response.append(inputLine);
        }
        in.close();
        con.disconnect();
        

        if(response.toString().length() > 0){
            maxId = parseResponse(response.toString());
            System.out.println(positiveCount);
            Thread.sleep(20000);                       
            sendSearchRequest(token, maxId);
        }else{
            System.out.println("No more results");
            return;
        }
        //print result
        //System.out.println(response.toString());
        
        System.out.println("Exiting parseResponse");
    }




    //This method parses JSON response and returns ID of the last tweet.
    private static String parseResponse(String response) {
        System.out.println("Entering parseResponse");
        String lastId = "";
        JSONParser parser=new JSONParser();
        try{
            Object object = parser.parse(response);
            JSONObject array = (JSONObject)object;
            JSONArray jsonArray = (JSONArray)array.get("statuses");
            int size = jsonArray.size();
            positiveCount += size;
            System.out.println(size);
            
            JSONObject lastObject = (JSONObject)jsonArray.get(size-1);
             
//            System.out.println(lastObject);
            
            Long id = (Long)lastObject.get("id");
            System.out.println(id);
            lastId = id+"";
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("Exiting parseResponse");
        return lastId;
                
    }
    
}






















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